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Visual Glossary
Foliation
Foliation forms when pressure squeezes flat or elongate minerals within a rock so they become aligned. These rocks develop a platy or sheet-like structure that reflects the direction that pressure was applied in. Slate, schist, and gneiss (pronounced 'nice') are all foliated metamorphic rocks.
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It’s not hard to see that this metamorphic rock, called gneiss, has been foliated, then intensely folded. Photo by Edward P. Klimasauskas, USGS.
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