Ozone Bioindicators
Species considered "sensitive" are those that typically exhibit foliar injury at or near ambient ozone concentrations in fumigation chambers and/or are species for which ozone foliar injury symptoms in the field have been documented by more than one observer.
Bioindicator species for ozone injury meet all or most of the following criteria:
- species exhibit foliar symptoms in the field at ambient ozone concentrations that can be easily recognized as ozone injury by subject matter experts
- species ozone sensitivity has been confirmed at realistic ozone concentrations in exposure chambers
- species are widely distributed regionally
- species are easily identified in the field
The following list of bioindicators has links to information and pictures for each species. The pictures show healthy plants and, for many species, ozone-injured plants. Ozone injury usually appears as black or purple spots (stipple), yellow or white bleached spots (chlorotic mottle, needle tip burn), or leaf browning (necrosis). Ozone may also cause premature leaf drop (senescence).
| Scientific Name | Common Name | Family Name | Other Common Names | Links/Pictures |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ailanthus altissima | Tree-of-heaven | Simaroubaceae | Chinese-sumac | Yes |
| Alnus rubra | Red alder | Betulaceae | Oregon alder, Western alder | Yes |
| Alnus rugosa | Speckled alder | Betulaceae | Tag alder, Gray alder, Hoary alder | Yes |
| Apios americana | Groundnut | Fabaceae | Wild bean, American potato bean | Yes |
| Apocynum androsaemifolium | Spreading dogbane | Apocynaceae | Common dogbane | Yes |
| Artemisia douglasiana | Douglas' sagewort | Asteraceae | Mugwort | Yes |
| Artemisia ludoviciana | White sagebrush | Asteraceae | Western wormwood, White sage, Silver King Artemisia, Silver Queen | Yes |
| Asclepias exaltata | Tall milkweed | Asclepiadaceae | - |
Yes |
| Asclepias syriaca | Common milkweed | Asclepiadaceae | - | Yes |
| Aster acuminatus | Whorled aster | Asteraceae | Wood Aster | Yes |
| Aster macrophyllus | Big-leaf aster | Asteraceae | Large Leaf Aster | Yes |
| Cercis canadensis | Redbud | Fabaceae | Judas-tree | Yes |
| Corylus americana | American hazelnut | Betulaceae | - | Yes |
| Eupatorium rugosum | White snakeroot | Asteraceae | White sanicle | Yes |
| Fraxinus americana | White ash | Oleaceae | - | Yes |
| Gaylussacia baccata | Black huckleberry | Ericaceae | - | Yes |
| Liriodendron tulipifera | Yellow-poplar | Magnoliaceae | Tulip-tree | Yes |
| Lyonia ligustrina | Maleberry | Ericaceae | He-huckleberry | Yes |
| Oenothera elata | Evening primrose | Onagraceae | - | Yes |
| Physocarpus capitatus | Pacific ninebark | Rosaceae | - | Yes |
| Physocarpus malvaceus | Mallow ninebark | Rosaceae | - | Yes |
| Pinus jeffreyi | Jeffrey pine | Pinaceae | - | Yes |
| Pinus ponderosa | Ponderosa pine | Pinaceae | Western yellow pine | Yes |
| Platanus occidentalis | American sycamore | Platanaceae | American plane tree, Buttonball-tree | Yes |
| Populus tremuloides | Quaking aspen | Salicaceae | Trembling aspen | Yes |
| Prunus serotina | Black cherry | Rosaceae | - | Yes |
| Rhus trilobata | Skunkbush | Anacardiaceae | Three leaf sumac | Yes |
| Rubus allegheniensis | Allegheny blackberry | Rosaceae | Common blackberry | Yes |
| Rubus canadensis | Thornless blackberry | Rosaceae | Smooth blackberry | Yes |
| Rudbeckia laciniata | Cutleaf coneflower | Asteraceae | Coneflower, Golden glow | Yes |
| Salix scouleriana | Scouler's willow | Saliaceae | - | Yes |
| Sambucus canadensis | American elder | Caprifoliaceae | White elder | Yes |
| Sambucus mexicana | Blue elderberry | Caprifoliaceae | - | Yes |
| Sambucus racemosa | Red elderberry | Caprifoliaceae | Eastern red-berry elder | Yes |
| Sapium sebiferum | Chinese tallowtree | Euphorbiaceae | Popcorn tree | Yes |
| Symphoricarpos albus | Common snowberry | Caprifoliaceae | Waxberry | Yes |
| Vaccinium membranaceum | Huckleberry | Ericaceae | Big huckleberry, Thin-leaved huckleberry | Yes |
| Verbesina occidentalis | Crownbeard | Asteraceae | - | Yes |
| Vitis labrusca | Northern fox grape | Vitaceae | Fox grape | Yes |
| Vitis vinifera | European wine grape | Vitaceae | - | Yes |