 |
During three days of near-perfect weather in late February 2002, the collaborative efforts of more than 100 people culminated in the helicopter removal of invasive Monterey pine trees (Pinus radiata) from 10.5 acres within Golden Gate National Recreation Area (California). The trees were removed to improve habitat for the mission blue butterfly (Icaricia icarioides missionensis), a species listed as federally endangered. The butterflies feed on lupines (Lupinus albifrons), which the Monterey pine trees deprive of sunshine and water. When the lupines die, so do the butterflies.
A high public profile accompanied the project because the restoration area is within view of the Golden Gate Bridge. Success hinged on a number of factors, including timing and clear communication with the public. Timing the project was complicated by the bird nesting season (March to August), the flight season of the butterfly (March to July), summer fog, and the raptor migration at Hawk Hill (August to December), the project’s location. The trees to be removed were on steep slopes in the midst of butterfly habitat, with the roots of some trees damaging coastal defense fortifications. Additionally, the project involved road closures and detours that affected the public.
After careful analysis, park staff chose tree removal by helicopter as the most suitable method to minimize ground disturbance on steep slopes in sensitive habitat. Winter presented the best opportunity for removing the trees, avoiding the fog and minimizing conflicts with hawks and butterflies. An outreach campaign for park visitors and the media resulted in strong public support and cooperation. Not only did the project restore endangered species habitat, but it also protected coastal defense fortifications, enhanced scenic vistas, and improved visibility of the hawk migration. The Recreational Fee Demonstration Program provided funding for the project.
|
