Geologic Resources Management

Exhibit 1

Park Enabling Statutes with References to Geologic Resources

Acadia National Park "The topographic configuration, the geology, ...are of great scientific interest." Proclamation No. 1339 of July 8, 1916; 39 Stat. 1785.

Agate Fossil Beds National Monument "That in order to preserve…the outstanding paleontological sites known as the Agate Springs Fossils Quarries, and nearby related geological phenomena.…" Pub.L. 89-133; 79 Stat. 123.

Aniakchak National Monument "…to maintain the caldera and its associated volcanic features and landscape...in their natural state...to interpret geological and biological processes for visitors." 16 U.S.C. § 410hh(1).

Apostle Islands National Lakeshore "In order to conserve and develop for the benefit, inspiration, education, recreational use, and enjoyment of the public certain significant islands and shoreline...and their related geographic, scenic, and scientific values…." 16 U.S.C. § 460w. "...a land and water use management plan which shall include specific provision for - (a) protection of scenic, scientific, historic, geological, and archaeological features contributing to public education, inspiration, and enjoyment... (c) preservation of the unique flora and fauna and the physiographic and geologic conditions now prevailing..." 16 U.S.C. § 460w-6.

Arches National Park "…whereas these areas contain extraordinary examples of wind erosion in the shape of gigantic arches, natural bridges…. The preservation of which is desirable because of their educational and scenic value…." Proclamation No. 1875 of Apr. 12, 1929; 46 Stat. 2988.

Assateague Island National Seashore "...the Secretary shall administer the...Seashore for general purposes of public outdoor recreation, including conservation of natural features contributing to public enjoyment." 16 U.S.C. § 459f-5(a).

Badlands National Park .examinations, excavations, and gathering of objects of interest within park "with a view to increasing the knowledge of such objects and aiding the general advancement of geological and zoological science." 16 U.S.C. § 441d.

Bering Land Bridge National Preserve "…to protect and interpret examples of...volcanic lava flows, ash explosions, coastal formations, and other geologic processes...to provide for outdoor recreation and environmental education activities..." 16 U.S.C. § 410hh(2).

Bighorn Canyon National Recreation Area "In order to provide for public outdoor recreation use and enjoyment...and for preservation of the scenic, scientific, and historic features contributing to public enjoyment of such lands and waters,..." 16 U.S.C. § 460t(a).

Biscayne National Park "…to preserve and protect for the education, inspiration...combination of terrestrial, marine, and amphibious life in a tropical setting..." 16 U.S.C. § 410gg.

Black Canyon of the Gunnison National Monument "...for the preservation of the spectacular gorges and additional features of scenic, scientific, and educational interest..." Proclamation No. 2033 of March 2, 1933; 47 Stat. 2558.

Bryce Canyon National Park "…whereas, certain lands...known as Bryce Canyon, are of unusual scenic beauty, scientific interest and importance..." Proclamation No. 1664 of June 8, 1923; 43 Stat. 1914.

Buffalo National River "For the purposes of conserving and interpreting an area containing unique scenic and scientific features..." 16 U.S.C. § 460m-8.

Canaveral National Seashore "In order to preserve and protect the outstanding natural, scenic, scientific, ecologic and historic values of certain lands, shoreline, and waters..." 16 U.S.C.§ 459j.

Canyon de Chelly National Monument NPS "is charged with the administration of the area...so as it applies to...other features of scientific or historical interest within the area..." 16 U.S.C. § 445b. "…it appears to be in the public interest that the cliff dwellings and other features of scientific and educational interest...be preserved ..." Proclamation No. 2036 of Mar. 3, 1933; 47 Stat. 2562.

Canyonlands National Park "In order to preserve an area...possessing superlative scenic, scientific, and archaeologic features for the inspiration, benefit, and use of the public…" 16 U.S.C. § 271.

Cape Cod National Seashore "Secretary may provide for the public enjoyment and understanding of the unique, natural historic, and scientific features...by establishing such trails, observation points, and exhibits and providing such services...desirable for such public enjoyment and understanding..." 16 U.S.C. § 459b-6(b)(1).

Cape Lookout National Seashore "... for the general purposes of public outdoor recreation, including conservation of natural features contributing to public enjoyment." 16 U.S.C. § 459g-4.

Capitol Reef National Park "whereas certain public lands...contain narrow canyons displaying evidence of ancient sand dune deposits...and...other objects of geological and scientific interest." Proclamation No. 2246 of Aug. 2, 1937; 50 Stat. 1856.

Capulin Volcano National Monument "...a striking example of recent extinct volcanoes and is of great scientific and especially geologic interest..." Proclamation No. 1994 of March 17, 1932; 47 Stat. 2506.

Carlsbad Caverns National Park "Whereas,...near the town of Carlsbad, a limestone cavern known as the Carlsbad Cave, of extraordinary proportions and of unusual beauty and variety of natural decoration; and Whereas, beyond the spacious chambers that have been explored, other vast chambers of unknown character and dimensions exist; and Whereas, the several chambers contain stalactites, stalagmites, and other formations in such unusual number, size, beauty of form, and variety of figure as to make this a cavern equal, if not superior, in both scientific and popular interest to the better known caves..." Proclamation No. 1679 of Oct. 25, 1923; 43 Stat. 1929.

Cedar Breaks National Monument "...for the preservation of the spectacular cliffs, canyons, and features of scenic, scientific, and educational interest contained therein..." Proclamation No. 2054 of 22 August 1933; 48 Stat. 1705.

Channel Islands National Park "In order to protect the nationally significant natural, scenic, wildlife, marine, ecological, archaeological, cultural, and scientific values...including...(4) the Eolian landforms and caliche..." 16 U.S.C. § 410ff. "Contain fossils of Pleistocene elephants and ancient trees, and furnish noteworthy examples of ancient volcanism, deposition, and active sea erosion, and...other objects of geological and scientific interest..." Proclamation No 2281 of April 26, 1938; 52 Stat. 1541.

Chickasaw National Recreation Area "In order to provide for public outdoor recreation use and enjoyment...and to provide for more efficient administration of other adjacent area containing scenic, scientific, natural, and historic values contributing to public enjoyment of the area..." 16 U.S.C. § 460hh:

Chiricahua National Monument "...certain natural formations, known as "The Pinnacles"...are of scientific interest..." Proclamation No. 1340 of August 9, 1916; 39 Stat. 1792.

City of Rocks National Reserve "...in order to preserve and protect the significant historical and cultural resources; to manage recreational use; to protect and maintain scenic quality; and to interpret the nationally significant values of the reserve." 16 U.S.C. § 460yy(a).

Colorado National Monument "...the extraordinary examples of erosion are of great scientific interest..." Proclamation No. 1126 of May 24, 1911; 37 Stat. 1681.

Crater Lake National Park "…for the benefit, education, and inspiration...certain unique and ancient volcanic features…" 16 U.S.C. § 121. "water quality" 16 U.S.C. § 122a.

Craters of the Moon National Monument "...an area which contains a remarkable fissure eruption together with its associated volcanic cones, craters, rifts, lava flows, caves, natural bridges, and other phenomena characteristic of volcanic action which are of unusual scientific value and general interest...this area contains many curious and unusual phenomena of great educational value and has a weird and scenic landscape peculiar to itself..." Proclamation No. 1694 of May 2, 1924; 43 Stat. 1947.

Cumberland Island National Seashore "In order to provide for public outdoor recreation use and enjoyment of certain significant shoreline lands and waters...and to preserve related scenic, scientific and historical values,..." 16 U.S.C. § 4592. "Except for certain portions...no development...shall be undertaken which would be incompatible with the preservation of the unique flora and fauna or the physiographic conditions not prevailing..." 16 U.S.C. § 459i-5(b).

Death Valley National Park "...for the preservation of the unusual features of scenic, scientific, and educational interest..." Proclamation No. 2028 of Feb. 11, 1933; 47 Stat. 2554. In 1994, in addition to changing Death Valley from a national monument to a national park, Congress also expanded the boundary of the park to encompass and protect " contiguous Federal lands of essential and superlative natural, ecological, archeological, paleontological, cultural, historic and wilderness values." 16 U.S. C. §410aaa.

Delaware Water Gap National Recreation Area "...and for preservation of the scenic, scientific, and historic features contributing to public enjoyment of such lands and waters..." 16 U.S.C. § 460o.

Denali National Park "to protect and interpret the entire mountain massif, and additional scenic mountain peaks and formations..." 16 U.S.C. § 410hh-1(3)(a).

Devils Tower National Monument "...the lofty and isolated rock...is such an extraordinary example of the effect of erosion in the higher mountains as to be a natural wonder and an object of historic and great scientific interest..." Proclamation No. 658 of Sept. 24, 1906; 34 Stat. 3236.

Dinosaur National Monument "...there is located an extraordinary deposit of Dinosaurian and other gigantic reptilian remains of the Juratrias period, which are of great scientific interest and value..." Proclamation No. 1313 of Oct. 4, 1915; 39 Stat. 1752.

El Malpais National Conservation Area "In order to protect for the benefit and enjoyment of future generations that area...containing La Venana Natural Arch and the other unique and nationally important geological, archeological, ecological, cultural, scenic, scientific, and wilderness resources..." 16 U.S.C. § 460uu-21(a).

El Malpais National Monument "In order to preserve, for the benefit and enjoyment...that area...containing the nationally significant grants Lava Flow, the Las Ventanas Chacoan Archeological Site, and other significant natural and cultural resources..." 16 U.S.C. § 460uu. "The Secretary shall protect, manage, and administer the monument for the purposes of preserving the scenery and the natural, historic, and cultural resources of the movement and providing for the public understanding and enjoyment of these same..." 16 U.S.C. § 460uu-2.

Fire Island National Seashore "For the purpose of conserving and preserving...certain relatively unspoiled and undeveloped beaches, dunes, and other natural features..." 16 U.S.C. § 459e.

Gauley River National Recreation Area "In order to protect and preserve the scenic, recreational, geological, and fish and wildlife resources..." 16 U.S.C. § 460ww(a).

Glacier Bay National Park "…a number of tidewater glaciers of the first rank" "unique opportunity for the scientific study of glacial behavior and...of ancient interglacial forests..." Proclamation No. 1733 of Feb. 26, 1925; 43 Stat. 1988.

Glen Canyon National Recreation Area "In order to provide for public outdoor recreation use and enjoyment of the area..." 16 U.S.C. § 460dd.

Golden Gate National Recreation Area "In order to preserve for public use and enjoyment certain areas...possessing outstanding natural, historic, scenic, and recreational values..." 16 U.S.C. § 460bb.

Grand Canyon National Park "…that the entire Grand Canyon...is a natural feature of national and international significance. Congress therefore recognizes the need for, and...provides for, the further protection and interpretation of the Grand Canyon in accordance with its true significance" 16 U.S.C. § 228a. "…portions of the canyon area possessing unique natural, scientific, and scenic value…" 16 U.S.C. § 228b(a). "…whereas the Grand Canyon...is an object of unusual scientific interest, being the greatest eroded canyon within the U.S." Proclamation No. 794 of Jan. 11, 1908; 35 Stat. 2175.

Great Basin National Park "In order to preserve for the benefit and inspiration of the people a representative segment of the Great Basin...possessing outstanding resources and significant geological and scenic values..." 16 U.S.C. § 410mm(a). "The Secretary shall protect, manage, and administer...in such manner as to conserve and protect the scenery, the natural, geologic, historical, and archaeological resources..." 16 U.S.C. § 410mm-1(a). "In order to encourage...interpretation of the Great Basin physiographic region, the Secretary is authorized and encouraged to enter into cooperative agreements..." 16 U.S.C. § 410mm-1(i). "certain natural caves...are of unusual scientific interest and importance..." Proclamation No. 1618 of Jan. 24, 1922; 42 Stat. 2260.

Great Sand Dunes National Monument "...for the preservation of the great sand dunes and additional features of scenic, scientific, and educational interest..." Proclamation No. 1994 of March 17, 1932; 47 Stat. 2506.

Guadalupe Mountains National Park "In order to preserve...an area...possessing outstanding geologic values together with scenic and other natural values of great significance...." 16 U.S.C. § 283.

Gulf Islands National Seashore "In order to preserve for public use and enjoyment certain areas possessing outstanding natural, historic, and recreational values..." 16 U.S.C. § 459h.

Hagerman Fossils Beds National Monument "In order to preserve for the benefit and enjoyment of present and future generations the outstanding paleontological sites knows as the Hagerman Valley fossil sites, to provide a center for continuing paleontological research, and to provide for display and interpretation of the scientific specimens uncovered at such sites..." 102 Stat. 4575, 4575-76, § 301(a) (1988).

Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore "In order to preserve for the educational, inspirational, and recreational use of the public certain portions of the Indiana dunes and other areas of scenic, scientific, and historic interest and recreational value..." 16 U.S.C. § 460u. "...Provided, that the Secretary may provide for the public enjoyment and understanding of the unique, natural, historic, and scientific features within the lakeshore by establishing such trails, observation points, and exhibits and providing such services as he may seem desirable for such public enjoyment and understanding..." 16 U.S.C. § 460u-6(b).

Jean Lafitte National Historical Park "…to preserve for the education, inspiration, and benefit...significant examples of natural and historical resources of the Mississippi Delta region...." 16 U.S.C. § 230. "…to preserve and protect the following values within the core area: (1) fresh water drainage patterns...." 16 U.S.C. § 230a(c).

Jewel Cave National Monument "...the natural formation, known as the Jewel Cave...is of scientific interest..." Proclamation No. 799 of Feb. 7, 1908; 35 Stat. 2180.

Joshua Tree National Park "…situated thereon various objects of historic and scientific interest…" Proclamation No. 2193 of Aug. 10, 1936; 50 Stat. 1760. In 1994, in addition to changing Joshua Tree from a national monument to a national park, Congress also expanded the boundary of the park to encompass and protect "contiguous Federal lands of essential and superlative natural, ecological, archeological, paleontological, cultural, historic and wilderness values." 16 U.S. C. §410aaa-21.

Kalaupapa National Historical Park "…to research, preserve, and maintain...natural features…" 16 U.S.C. § 410jj.

Katmai National Park "…to protect scenic, geological, cultural, and recreational features…" 16 U.S.C. § 410hh-1(2). "Whereas...a belt of unusual volcanic activity...offering excellent opportunities for studying the causes of the catastrophe...and affording a conspicuous object lesson in volcanism to visitors.…" Proclamation No. 1487 of Sept. 24, 1918; 40 Stat. 1855.

Kenai Fjords National Park "…to maintain unimpaired the scenic and environmental integrity of the Harding Icefield, its outflowing glaciers, and coastal fjords and islands in their natural state..." 16 U.S.C. § 410hh(5).

Kobuk Valley National Park "…to maintain the environmental integrity of the natural features of the Kobuk River Valley, including...the Great Kobuk Sand Dunes..." 16 U.S.C. § 410hh(6).

Lake Clark National Park "…to maintain unimpaired the scenic beauty and quality..., including active volcanoes, glaciers, wild rivers, lakes, waterfalls, and alpine meadows in their natural state..." 16 U.S.C. § 410hh(7)(a).

Lake Mead National Recreation Area "...shall be administered...for general purposes of public recreation, benefit, and use...and in a manner that will preserve the scenic, historic, scientific, and other important features of the area..." 16 U.S.C. § 460n-3(a).

Lassen Volcanic National Park "...the elevation...known as "cinder cone," and the adjacent area embracing a lava field and Snag Lake and Lake Bidwell,...are of great scientific interest, as illustrations of volcanic activity which are of special importance in tracing the history of the volcanic phenomena of that vicinity..." Proclamation No. 753 of May 6, 1907; 35 Stat. 2131. "...Lassen Peak...marks the southern terminus of the long line of extinct volcanoes in the Cascade Range from which one of the greatest volcanic fields in the world extends, and is of special importance in tracing the history of the volcanic phenomena of that vicinity..." Proclamation No. 754 of May 6, 1907; 35 Stat. 2132.

Lava Beds National Monument "...lands...contain objects of such historic and scientific interest as to justify their reservation and protection..." Proclamation No. 1755 of Nov. 21, 1925; 44 Stat. 2591.

Mount Rainier National Park "The [Secretary] shall make regulations providing for the preservation from injury or spoilation of all timber, mineral deposits, natural curiosities, or wonders within said park, and their retention in their natural condition." 16 U.S.C. § 92.

Natural Bridges National Monument "Whereas, a number of natural bridges...having heights more lofty and spans far greater than any heretofore known to exist, are of the greatest scientific interest, and it appears that the public interests would be promoted by reserving these extraordinary examples of stream erosion..." Proclamation No. 804 of April 16, 1908; 35 Stat. 2183.

New River Gorge National River "For the purpose of conserving and interpreting outstanding natural, scenic, and historic values and objects in and around the New River Gorge..." 16 U.S.C. § 460m-15.

Noatak National Preserve "…to maintain the environmental integrity...in such a manner as to assure the continuation of geological and biological processes unimpaired by adverse human activity…to provide opportunities for scientific research." 16 U.S.C. § 410hh(8)(a).

North Cascades National Park "In order to preserve for the benefit, use and inspiration...certain majestic mountain scenery, snow fields, glaciers, alpine meadows, and other unique natural features." 16 U.S.C. § 90.

Oregon Caves National Monument "...certain natural caves...are of unusual scientific interest and importance..." Proclamation No. 876 of July 12, 1909; 36 Stat. 2497.

Ozark National Scenic Riverways "For the purpose of conserving and interpreting unique scenic and other natural values and objects of historic interest...preservation of springs and caves, management of wildlife, and provisions for use and enjoyment of the outdoor recreation resources." 16 U.S.C. § 460m.

Petrified Forest National Park "And, whereas, the mineralized remains of Mesozoic forests...are of the greatest scientific interest and value." Proclamation No. 697 of Dec. 8, 1906; 34 Stat. 3266.

Pictured Rocks National Lakeshore "In order to preserve for the benefit, inspiration, education, recreational use, and enjoyment of the public a significant portion of the diminishing shoreline...and its related geographic and scientific features..." 16 U.S.C. § 460s. "...the Secretary shall prepare and implement a land and water use management plan, which shall include specific provision for...(2) protection of scenic, scientific, and historic features contributing to public enjoyment..." 16 U.S.C. § 460s-5(b).

Pinnacles National Monument "...the natural formations, known as The Pinnacles Rocks, with a series of caves underlying them...are of scientific interest..." Proclamation No. 796 of Jan. 16, 1908; 35 Stat. 2177.

Point Reyes National Seashore "the property...shall be administered...in a manner which provides for such recreational, educational, historic preservation, interpretation, and scientific research opportunities as are consistent with...natural environment." 16 U.S.C. § 459c-6(a).

Rainbow Bridge National Monument "...an extraordinary natural bridge, having an arch which is in form and appearance much like a rainbow...is of great scientific interest as an example of eccentric stream erosion..." Proclamation No. 1043 of May 30, 1910; 36 Stat. 2703.

Redwood National Park "In order to preserve significant examples of the primeval coastal redwood (Sequoia sempervirens) forests and the streams and seashores with which they are associated for purposes of public inspiration, enjoyment, and scientific study." 16 U.S.C. § 79a.

Santa Monica Mountains National Recreation Area "The Congress finds that (1) there are significant scenic, recreational, educational, scientific, natural, archaeological, and public health benefits provided by the Santa Monica Mountains and adjacent coastline area..." 16 U.S.C. § 460kk(a).

Scotts Bluff National Monument "...in view of these facts, as well as of the scientific interest the region possess from a geologic standpoint..." Proclamation No. 1547 of Dec. 12, 1919; 41 Stat. 1779.

Sequoia and Yosemite National Parks "Such regulations shall provide for the preservation from injury of all timber, mineral deposits, natural curiosities or wonders within said park, and their retention in their natural condition." 16 U.S.C. § 43. "…a certain area known as Mineral King Valley possessing unique natural and scenic values…" 16 U.S.C. § 45f(b)(1).

Sleeping Bear Dunes National Lakeshore "The Congress finds that certain outstanding natural features, including forests, beaches, dune formations, and ancient glacial phenomena, exist along the mainland shore of Lake Michigan and on certain nearby islands...and that such features ought to be preserved in their natural setting…. In order to accomplish this purpose for the benefit, inspiration, education, recreation, and enjoyment of the public..." 16 U.S.C. § 460x(a). "…a land and water use management plan, which shall include specific provisions for...(2) protection of scenic, scientific, and historic features contributing to public enjoyment..." 16 U.S.C. § 460x-5(b).

Sunset Crater National Monument "...certain geologic formations...are of scientific and public interest..." Proclamation No. 1911 of May 26, 1930; 46 Stat. 3023.

Timpanogos Cave National Monument "...a natural cave...is of unusual scientific interest and importance..." Proclamation No. 1640 of October 14, 1922; 42 Stat. 2285.

Virgin Islands National Park "…in order to preserve for the benefit of the public significant coral gardens, marine life, and seascapes..." 16 U.S.C. § 398c.

Voyageurs National Park "…to preserve for the inspiration and enjoyment...the outstanding scenery, geological conditions, and waterway system…" 16 U.S.C. § 160.

White Sands National Monument "...for the preservation of the white sands and additional features of scenic, scientific, and educational interest..." Proclamation No. 2025 of Jan. 18, 1933; 47 Stat. 2551.

Wrangell-St. Elias National Preserve "…to maintain unimpaired the scenic beauty and quality of high mountain peaks, foothills, glacial systems, lakes, and streams, valleys, and coastal landscapes in their natural state..." 16 U.S.C. § 410hh(9).

Yellowstone National Park "...the [Secretary] shall make regulations providing for the preservation, from injury or spoilation, of all timber, mineral deposits, natural curiosities, or wonders, within the park, and their retention in their natural condition." 16 U.S.C. § 22.

Yukon-Charley Rivers National Preserve "…to maintain the environmental integrity of the entire Charley River basin...for public benefit and scientific study...to protect and interpret...the geological and paleontological history and cultural prehistory of the area." 16 U.S.C. § 410hh(10).

Zion National Park "…an extraordinary example of canyon erosion and is of the greatest scientific interest" Proclamation No. 877 of July 31, 1909; 36 Stat. 2498. "...contain many natural features of unusual archaeologic, geologic, and geographic interest....The geologic features include craters of extinct volcanoes, fossiliferous deposits of unusual nature, and brilliantly colored strata of unique composition, among which are some believed to be the best representatives in the world of a rare type of sedimentation...The features of geographic interest include a labyrinth of remarkable canyons with highly ornate and beautifully colored walls, in which are plainly recorded the geologic events of past ages...It appears that the entire area...should be preserved intact for the purpose of scientific research and for the enjoyment and enlightenment of the public..." Proclamation No. 1435 of March 18, 1918; 40 Stat. 1760. "…volcanic phenomena of unusual scientific value, and...other objects of geological and scientific interest…" Proclamation No. 2221 of Jan. 22, 1937; 50 Stat. 1809.

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